Types of Taper Turning

Type of Standard Taper and their uses :-

Machine part & tools having inside or outside taper are standardized to facilitate interchangiability of parts. Tapered surface which follow standard dimensions are called standard Tapers. Standard tapers are adopted by the Indian Standard institution for various tools and machine parts like drills, reamers, milling cutter shanks, arbors, lathe centres etc.

The following are the common standard tapers in use.

1)  Morse Taper (MT)

2)  Brown & Sharp Taper (BS)

3)  Jarno Taper (JT)

4)  Metric Taper

5)  Pin Taper

6) Key and Key-ways Taper

7) Jacobs Taper

1)   Morse Taper ( MT)& their uses :

It is the most commonly used standard taper in the industry. The Morse taper is denoted by the letters MT. It is a self holding taper.

The Morse taper is available in eight sizes (MT0 to MT7). They are MT-0 ,MT-1, MT-2, MT-3 ,MT-4, MT-5, MT-6 & MT-7.

The included angle of Morse taper approximately 3°and the taper per foot (TPF) is 5/8 ". The uniformity of angle of taper for different taper sizes is the greatest disadvantage.

The amount of taper varies from number to number. The No. 0(zero) Morse taper is the smallest while No. 6 is the largest in size.

Morse Taper are commonly eight size (MT0  to MT 7) and one Half Size. Taper 4 1/2 Taper rarely found.

The included angle of MT 4 1/2 is 2.9788°.

Use: The taper is usually used in bore if spindle noses of lathes and drilling machines, shank of drills, reamers and centres.

 2)    Brown and Sharpe Taper ( BS)& their uses :

It is available in British system. In Brown and Sharpe Tapers both quick (steep) releasing and self holding tapers are available.

Quick realising Brown and Sharpe taper having a taper of 3 ½" TPF.

Brown and Sharpe self holding tapers are available from BS-1 to BS-18. BS-10 has a taper of 0.5161 “ taper per foot.

 

Use : Quick (steep) releasing BS Taper used in arbors of milling machines.

3)    Jarno Taper & their uses :

The Jarno system of taper is most sensible system. It is a British system. This was originally designed for use in lathes.  The Jarno taper are available from No. 1 to No. 20. The amount if taper per foot is 0.6" in per foot in each size.

 

Big Diameter of Taper = Number/8

Small Diameter of Taper= Number/10

Length of Taper = Number /2

 

Use: Jarno Tapers are used on the external taper of the lathe spindle nose whose chuck or face plate is mounted.

Jarno taper is mostly used in die-sinking machine.

4)   Metric Taper &their uses :

Metric tapers are sometimes used as a standard tapers. Metric taper is available as both self holding and quick (steep) releasing tapers.

A self holding metric taper has an included angle of 2°51"51".

Metric tapers are made in seven sizes designated by the number 4, 6, 8, 80, 100, 120, 160  & 200.

The number stands for the large diameter of the taper in mm. The advantage is that all metric tapers have the same angle of taper. These number indicate the highest diameter of the taper shank up to which gauge it to much.

The equivalent self (quick) releasing  taper in metric also has a taper of 7/24 and the available size are 30,40,45,50. A 7/24 taper of No. 30 will have a maximum diameter of 31.75 mm. at the larger end No. 60 will have 107.950 mm. All other sizes fall within this range.

Use : Quick releasing metric taper are used as the external taper of lathe spindle nose.

5)   Standard Pin Taper & their uses :

It is a self holding taper. It is available both in Metric and British systems. The amount of taper is 1:50 in metric system and 1:48 (1/4"TPF)  in the British system. Taper pin help assembling and dismounting without disturbing location.

Use: It is used in taper pins used in assembly.

6)   Key & Key-ways taper and their uses:

Key & Key-ways taper has a taper ratio 1:100.

Use: This taper used on keys and key ways.

7) Jacobs Taper:

   The Jacobs Taper (JT) is commonly use to secure drill press chucks an arbor.

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